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In this video, you will learn some secrets about our infinite universe that, upon hearing, you will say, "Why didn't I know this before?" [Music] Infinite... I think these are one of the most amazing secrets of the universe. According to physics, the gravitational influence of any object in this universe is infinite range. Meaning, while you are sitting right here, the Sun has kept you attracted with its gravitational force. Okay, the Sun is very far away, but still, the Sun's gravity is influencing you. Now, because... 00:00:43 ...the Sun is very far and you are very small compared to the Sun, this will be a very minute gravitational influence. But simply speaking, the Sun's gravity is touching you. Now, let's move further. Distant stars that are billions of light-years away—according to physics, even though they are billions of light-years away, their real-time gravitational effect falls on everything in the universe. Meaning, take any star, like the North Star; its gravitational influence is reaching you. Meaning, in the fabric of this entire space, everything's gravity affects... 00:01:18 ...everything else. And gravity has no distance limitation. Meaning, if there is a black hole millions of light-years away, its gravity is technically touching and influencing you right now in real-time. If you sit calmly and think about this, it’s a very amazing thing. Gravity's range is infinite. You are pulling the stars towards you at a very subtle level. Solar System's Tail I told you that if you look at the solar system—our solar system—from afar, you will see a protection layer called the Heliosphere. But if you go even further away from our solar system and observe that our entire solar system is orbiting the Milky Way Galaxy in interstellar space, then you will see this entire solar system looking like a comet. Meaning, our solar system has a tail too. And it feels so strange that inside this, our Earth, Sun, and all other planets exist. This round, blurry thing you see is the Heliosphere, and this massive tail you see forms because when our solar system travels at high speed, the Heliosphere keeps clearing the path, and that is when this tail forms. Rotational Flattening 00:02:40 Since childhood, in all the photos of planets you’ve seen, you’ve seen them as round. Like Jupiter is round, Earth is round, Saturn is round. But here is a small plot twist. Actually, the planet Saturn is not round like that; rather, Saturn is flat at the top. Meaning, Saturn spins so fast, its gases spin so fast, that a phenomenon occurs called Rotational Flattening. Look, this NASA article mentions this exact point: "It spins so fast that it flattens out at the top or bottom." This is what is called Rotational Flattening. Earth's North Pole isn't flat... 00:03:19 ...like that. Cosmic Censorship Just like how in movies, many scenes get censored—meaning they get cut so you don't see them—similarly, there are many things in our universe that we cannot observe even if we want to. And scientists call this Cosmic Censorship. For instance, there is a lot of wild and chaotic stuff in our cosmos that is going on inside a black hole. But it is believed that if we were to see inside a black hole, the entire laws of the universe would break down. So, a censorship system is built into our cosmos that allows the universe to remain in a static order. 00:03:59 This ensures that the biggest secrets always remain hidden. For example, what is happening inside a black hole is censored. In this film called the Universe, the story of our lives—your life, or the life of anyone in the world—has the black hole part censored because it's impossible to know what wild things are going on inside it. Atomic Clocks in GPS Doesn't it sometimes feel strange to you that all the clock systems in this world are synced so perfectly? Like... 00:04:33 ...the standard time of the whole world doesn't deviate by even a second. The clock in your house might be 5 minutes off, but the time on your mobile, which is fetched from the internet, or the time shown on your television, or the time system running the stock market—these are all connected to a central system, Greenwich Mean Time. And nowhere does the time deviate by even a second because everyone follows the same system. But when you travel, the accuracy of the GPS you use is insane. The thing is... 00:05:06 ...if a clock on top of the Earth is off by one second—like your house clock—it's no big deal. One or two seconds won't make a difference. But the satellite that runs your map, the satellite providing GPS—if that is off by even one second, your location will show up 50 km away from here. Literally. Actually, I said one second, which is too much; if it’s off by even 10 nanoseconds, your location will get messed up and won't work. So, I'm telling you a very big line here, listen carefully. In GPS, Atomic Clocks... 00:05:36 ...are used. And these clocks are so accurate that their accuracy is described as "300,000 years to everyone second." What was that? 300,000 years to one second accuracy. This means Atomic Clocks are so accurate that if you take a timespan of 300,000 years, it places one second perfectly within that. That accurate. You’ll go crazy understanding this. And because it is this accurate, GPS works all over the world. This is the Atomic Clock. Zombie Stars In movies, what is a zombie? A zombie is someone who is not fully dead, but not fully alive either. Stuck in the middle. The same thing happens with stars. Either you will find a completely healthy, fit star in the universe, or you will find the corpse of a dead star—where all this forms a supernova area. But there are some stars that face a supernova—meaning the star explodes, life ends—but somehow, a part of it survives. Normally when a star explodes, almost 100% of the star is destroyed. But the stars that remain alive after that, shining in a sort of "half-dead"... 00:06:51 ...continued state, are called Zombie Stars. It's like a star that died but still survived in a weak form. Just like zombies. Scientists say that when a supernova explosion doesn't happen very well—it happens in a weak way without full force, which can't completely destroy the star—then these Zombie Stars are formed. I’m telling you the names of some Zombie Stars for those who are deeply interested and want to research: SN 2012Z, iPTF14hls, SN 2006gy. These are the three biggest Zombie Stars in our real-time sky right now. Negative Mass Particles When this universe was created, some particles were formed called Negative Mass Particles. Now, this is a very strange particle. In this world, everything has positive mass. Whether it's you—you have a weight. Let's say your weight is 60kg. Can there be an object whose weight is -60? -10? Weight in minus? What sense does this make? Listening to this, that's exactly what comes to mind: "What sense does this make?" But... 00:08:02 ...at the time of the universe's creation, these Negative Mass Particles were created in small quantities according to scientists. So, if scientists somehow capture a Negative Mass Particle and bring it to Earth, everything will be upside down. Gravity attracts normal things towards itself. But a Negative Mass Particle—let's say a brick made of Negative Mass Particles with a weight of -10kg—if you drop it, it won't be attracted to Earth. Instead, it will be repelled. It will go up because its weight is in minus. 00:08:34 And here is a weird thing: if you push that brick away from you, it will come closer to you because it has a minus weight, a negative mass. Compared to normal things, it will react oppositely. Scientists haven't observed any Negative Mass Particle yet, but mathematically they exist, and their creation happened at the time of the universe's creation. The Neutrino Hurricane Just like hurricanes, tsunamis, and natural calamities happen on Earth, Neutrino Hurricanes also occur. Neutrinos are particles that exist in space in quantities of billions, and they... 00:09:12 ...do not react with matter, meaning normal things. Meaning, right now, 100 trillion neutrinos are passing through Earth, passing through your body and mine, and we don't feel anything. And we can't even know because they don't react with normal matter at all. So sometimes, a storm of these neutrinos comes to our Earth. Let's say normally 100 billion stay, sometimes 500 trillion neutrinos come and pass through. And they pass through everything invisibly. Meaning, if there is anything closest to the concept of "Invisibility,"... 00:09:44 ...it is the Neutrino particle. And the amazing thing is that Neutrinos pass through at the speed of light—300,000 km per second—zipping past in real-time. So, a Neutrino Hurricane is also an actual phenomenon that happens in our universe. That's scary. Gold Did you know this interesting fact: that creating gold on Earth is impossible? Gold cannot be made on Earth. That is why it is so rare and why its price is what it is. Whatever gold exists, is what there is. Creating any new gold is impossible. This is truly impossible. You know how they say "Jio True 5G"? Not just 5G network, but Truly 5G. Just like that... 00:10:23 ...it is truly impossible for gold to be made on Earth. Any gold was actually made billions of light-years away from here. Meaning, this ring was made by a jeweler, mined by a company, that's fine—but its actual hometown is a star. At the end of its life, when a star explodes—which is called a supernova—then due to extreme heat and pressure, atoms fuse to become heavy elements, and they scatter across the universe. But a question arises here: If gold is made in stars and scatters from there to Earth, then gold should be found... 00:10:57 ...on top of the Earth, right? Because it's raining down here. So how did gold go underground? See, this is the confusion most people have. It’s not that gold is exploding from a star and coming to Earth now. It’s not like that. What happens is that the gases from the exploded star spread across the universe. Gases scatter everywhere. And later, this gas cools down and takes the form of planets. So the material, the gas that cools down to become a planet like Earth—gold is already in that material. Readymade. Meaning, when Earth was forming in the beginning... 00:11:32 ...at the time of formation itself, those gases solidified and took the form of planets, and gold was in it. And heavy elements like gold went inside the Earth. They sank and settled deep inside. And that is why gold is found underground. The bottom line is that every piece of gold in your house that you are touching—like if your mom has jewelry, go touch it and think—you are literally, actually touching a star if you look at it very deeply. The Capabilities of Light So let's move to the next secret. The capabilities of light. What is the normal speed of light? Light's normal... 00:12:09 ...speed is 300,000 km per second. It covers 300,000 km in every single second. So, fix this image in your mind. Okay, 1 second, 300,000. Normal. Now let's talk about water. In water, the speed of light decreases to 225,000 km per second. Meaning it reduces by 70,000–80,000 km per second in water. Light, which holds the record for the fastest speed in the world, slows down in water. But let's move further than this. Glass. When light passes through any glass, it comes down to 200,000 km per second. Meaning even less. Now, which material... 00:12:45 ...gives light even more trouble? That is Diamond. In a diamond, the speed of light becomes merely 124,000 km per second. Meaning almost, almost half of the original speed of light. But the material that comes after this makes light absolutely like a tortoise. I mean, it makes it so that listen carefully—you could run faster than light. This material brings the speed of light down to this speed. What speed? The answer is 17 meters per second. Meaning 0.017 km per second. Meaning a 99.999% reduction. And this happens in BEC material. There are states of matter, right? 00:13:25 Like Solid, Liquid, Gas. Similarly, there is one called BEC—Bose-Einstein Condensate. This is made artificially in labs. But the material that comes from this has an atomic structure such that when light passes through it, it passes at a speed of only 17 meters per second. That slow. Meaning light is at its lowest speed in the entire universe in this state of matter: BEC, Bose-Einstein Condensate. The Quake List You have heard of Earthquakes. You have heard of Moonquakes—tremors on the Moon. But let me tell you here, actually, if you... 00:14:06 ...go into the universe and observe as an astronaut, you will see that earthquakes happen in stars too, which are technically called Starquakes. Starquake. And similarly, there is another quake called Asteroid Quake. When asteroids—those pieces of rock—travel in space, they also sometimes feel vibrations due to gravitational forces. Meaning, technically, if I stood you on an asteroid, you would feel the Asteroid Quakes there too. Comment: "Brother, are you a science teacher in a university or what?" Answer: Brother, I am not a science teacher in a university. 00:14:40 And anyway, in a university, you explain things in front of 400-500 students. But I think I am in a better place than that, which is the Internet. Where millions of people watch the video and learn. Which cannot be done by being an exclusive teacher at a university. That's why I think this is better, and this is where I will always remain. So these were some amazing secrets of the universe. Definitely like the video. Let's keep the Like Aim at 30k. Just that much. That's it for today's video. Thank you so much for watching.

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